What Is Prediabetes?
Prediabetes warns that your body is struggling to process sugar properly. When you eat, the body breaks down food into glucose, a form of sugar, which is used for energy. Insulin, a hormone the pancreas produces, helps transport glucose into your cells.
If left unchecked, Prediabetes can transform into Type 2 Diabetes, increasing the risk of kidney problems, heart disease, and nerve damage.
With Prediabetes:
The body doesn’t use insulin properly. This is called insulin resistance. Your cells stop responding to insulin, making it difficult for sugar to enter them.
The pancreas can’t make enough insulin. It tries to produce more insulin but cannot keep up.
As a result, sugar starts building up in your blood. This extra sugar remains in your bloodstream instead of being used for energy, resulting in higher-than-normal blood sugar levels.
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What are the Types of Prediabetes?
While Prediabetes is not classified into different "types," doctors diagnose it based on how blood sugar behaves. Each of these conditions signals that your body is struggling with sugar metabolism, but the risk of developing diabetes can still be reduced with lifestyle changes.
The three main ways to identify Prediabetes are:
1
Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG)
Blood sugar is higher than usual after fasting for at least eight hours, but not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes.
Prediabetes is identified when fasting blood sugar levels range from 100 to 125 mg/dL.
2
Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT)
Your blood sugar spikes higher than normal after eating, but it doesn’t reach the diabetic range.
It is usually diagnosed using an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT). If your blood sugar level after two hours is between 140–199 mg/dL, you have Prediabetes.
3
Elevated A1c
By analysing data from the past three months, HbA1c measures long-term blood sugar levels.
A result between 5.7% and 6.4% means Prediabetes.
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What are the Symptoms of Prediabetes?
Many individuals with Prediabetes do not experience noticeable symptoms. As a result, the condition often remains undiagnosed until it progresses to type 2 diabetes.
However, in some cases, the following signs may appear:
1
Increased thirstDrinking more water than usual, even without exercise or hot weather.
2
Unexplained fatigueConstantly tired, even after a good night’s sleep.
3
Frequent urinationNeeding to pee more often, especially at night.
4
Blurred visionDifficulty focusing or sudden vision changes.
5
Increased hungerFeeling hungry all the time, even shortly after meals.
6
Dark patches on the skin (Acanthosis Nigricans)Velvety, darkened skin appearing on the neck, armpits, elbows, or groin is often an early sign of insulin resistance.
Even mild symptoms can be warning signs; regular health check-ups are important
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What are Prediabetes Symptoms in Children and Infants?
Prediabetes is no longer limited to adults; it is increasingly being diagnosed in children as well. Factors such as poor dietary habits, excessive screen time, and reduced physical activity contribute to the rising rates of childhood obesity, which in turn elevate the risk of developing Prediabetes.
Signs to watch for in children:
Sudden weight gain.
Increased thirst and urination.
Darkened skin patches (especially around the neck).
Lack of energy.
Healthy eating habits and regular exercise can significantly reduce the risk of Prediabetes
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What are the Prediabetes Causes?
Prediabetes doesn't have one cause. It develops from a mix of genetics and lifestyle factors, such as:
1
Insulin ResistanceCells in your muscles, liver, and fat stop responding to insulin properly, causing blood sugar levels to rise.
2
Poor DietConsuming too much refined carbohydrates (white rice, white bread, sugary foods) leads to high blood sugar levels.
3
Sedentary HabitsLong periods of sitting or inactivity can raise the risk of insulin resistance.
4
Excess WeightMore fat, especially around the abdomen, increases insulin resistance.
5
Hormonal IssuesDisorders like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may lead to insulin resistance.
Being informed about the causes helps you stay ahead with preventive care.
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What are Prediabetes Risk Factors?
Some people have a higher chance of developing prediabetes. Being proactive about your health can play a significant role in managing your risk. The significant risk factors include:
Being overweight, particularly with abdominal fat.
Lack of physical activity (usually less than 150 minutes per week).
A family history of diabetes.
Being over the age of 45.
Having had gestational diabetes (diabetes during pregnancy).
Suffering from Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).
High blood pressure or elevated cholesterol levels.
Note: If any of these factors apply to you, adopting healthy lifestyle changes and monitoring your health can help reduce the risk of developing Type II Diabetes.
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How Is Prediabetes Diagnosed?
Detecting Prediabetes early is key to preventing its progression. It can be diagnosed through several blood tests, including:
1
Fasting BloodworkAfter fasting for eight hours, this test determines your blood sugar level. If it falls between 100 and 125 mg/dL, it may indicate Prediabetes.
2
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)This test evaluates how your body processes sugar by measuring blood glucose levels before and after consuming a sweetened solution. A range of 140-199 mg/dL suggests Prediabetes.
3
HbA1c TestIt helps measure average blood sugar over three months. A range of 5.7%-6.4% is considered Prediabetes.
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What are the Complications of Prediabetes?
If not managed properly, Prediabetes can lead to a range of serious health complications, such as:
1
Type 2 DiabetesIf Prediabetes is left unmanaged, it can progress into Type 2 diabetes, increasing the risk of heart, kidney, and nerve damage.
2
Heart DiseaseHeart Disease: With elevated blood sugar levels, the blood vessels get impacted, and this increases the chances of heart attacks or strokes.
3
Nerve Damage (Neuropathy)Prolonged high blood sugar may lead to nerve damage, causing symptoms such as tingling or numbness in the hands and feet.
4
Kidney ProblemsPrediabetes, over the long run, can damage the kidneys.
Taking prompt action to manage Prediabetes can prevent the onset of these severe complications.
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How is Prediabetes Treated/Prevented?
Prediabetes can be effectively managed and, in many cases, reversed with the right lifestyle adjustments. By taking proactive steps, you can lower the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes and improve your overall health. Here’s how:
1
Lose WeightLosing 5-7% of your body weight can help minimise the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes.
2
Eat a Balanced Diet Focus on:
Whole grains instead of refined carbs & Lean proteins like chicken, fish, and beans.
Healthy fats (nuts, seeds, olive oil) & Fibre-rich foods (fruits, vegetables, lentils).
3
Exercise RegularlyAim to exercise at least 5 days a week.
4
Cut Back on SugarReduce your intake of sweets, sodas, and processed foods.
5
Get Enough SleepPoor sleep can increase insulin resistance.
6
Manage StressPractice meditation, yoga, or deep breathing.
Disclaimer: This is for informational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. For personalised treatment and recommendations, please consult a doctor.
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How to Live With Prediabetes?
Being diagnosed with Prediabetes isn’t cause for alarm. It requires mindful lifestyle changes. With the right steps, you can manage it by:
Checking your blood sugar regularly
Maintaining a healthy diet
Staying active
Going for routine health check-ups
Staying hydrated
Living with prediabetes doesn't mean living in fear. It means staying informed, making healthier choices, and taking action before it's too late. With regular monitoring, a balanced lifestyle, and medical guidance, you can take control of your health and prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes. The steps you take today can lead to a healthier, more secure tomorrow.
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FAQs

  • Q1. Can Prediabetes go away?

    Ans: Yes, lifestyle changes can reverse Prediabetes.

  • Q2. What’s the best diet for Prediabetes?

    Ans: Eating whole grains, fibre-dense foods, and lean protein sources.

  • Q3. Do I need medication for Prediabetes?

    Ans: Usually, lifestyle changes are sufficient, but some individuals may require medication.

  • Q4. How often should I check my blood sugar?

    Ans: Your doctor will determine the best course of action depending on your risk level.

  • Q5. Is Prediabetes common?

    Ans: Yes, millions of people have it, many without knowing.

  • Q6. What are the main causes of Prediabetes?

    Ans: Obesity, genetics, physical inactivity, and poor diet are the primary causes.

  • Q7. Can stress affect my blood sugar levels?

    Ans: Yes, stress can increase blood sugar and insulin resistance.

  • Q8. Is Prediabetes the same as diabetes?

    Ans: No, Prediabetes is a warning sign, whereas diabetes is a more serious condition.

  • Q9. Can children develop Prediabetes?

    Ans: Yes, childhood obesity and poor lifestyle choices can lead to Prediabetes in children.

  • Q10. How long can I have Prediabetes without symptoms?

    Ans: Prediabetes can exist for years without noticeable symptoms.
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