Specialisations Glossary

Cardiology & Cardiac Care

Cardiologist: A cardiologist diagnoses and treats heart diseases, heart failure, and irregular heart rhythms. They perform tests such as ECG and stress tests and prescribe medication to manage heart health.

Echo-Cardiologist: An echocardiologist specialises in heart imaging through echocardiography to assess the structure and function of the heart. They provide detailed reports that assist in diagnosing and treating cardiac conditions.

Interventional Cardiologist: An interventional cardiologist uses minimally invasive techniques to treat heart artery blockages. They perform procedures like angioplasty and stent placement to restore proper blood flow.

Dermatology & Cosmetology

Dermatologist / Skin Specialist: A dermatologist diagnoses and treats conditions affecting the skin, hair, and nails. They manage issues such as acne, eczema, infections, psoriasis, and skin cancers through medication and minor procedures.

Dermato-Venereologist: A dermato-venereologist specialises in treating skin diseases and sexually transmitted infections that affect the skin. They combine dermatology with venereology to manage infections and provide related counselling.

Endocrinology & Diabetes

Endocrinologist: An endocrinologist diagnoses and treats disorders of the thyroid, pituitary, adrenal glands, and other hormone-related systems. They manage hormone balance and coordinate long-term endocrine care.

Diabetologist: A diabetologist specialises in the prevention, diagnosis, and management of diabetes. They create glucose control plans, adjust insulin regimens, and monitor for diabetes-related complications.

ENT (Otorhinolaryngology)

Adolescent Medicine Specialist: An adolescent medicine specialist addresses health concerns in individuals aged 10 to 19 years. They focus on growth, hormonal changes, mental health, and behavioural issues during adolescence.

Nuclear Medicine Specialist: A nuclear medicine specialist uses small amounts of radioactive substances for diagnosis and treatment. They often work on thyroid disorders, cancer staging, and targeted radiopharmaceutical therapy.

Otorhinolaryngologist (ENT Specialist): An otorhinolaryngologist diagnoses and treats conditions affecting the ear, nose, and throat. They manage both medical and surgical care for issues such as infections, sinus disease, and voice problems.

Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Gastroenterologist: A gastroenterologist treats disorders of the stomach, intestines and pancreas. They perform endoscopies and manage conditions like ulcers, IBS and inflammatory bowel disease.

Hepatologist: A hepatologist specialises in liver, gallbladder and bile duct diseases such as hepatitis and cirrhosis. They guide you on tests, antiviral treatments and liver transplant referrals.

General & Internal Medicine

Ayurvedic General Physician: An Ayurvedic general physician uses herbal medicines, diet and lifestyle changes for prevention and treatment. You can consult them for holistic and traditional care.

Cardiac Medicine and Internal Medicine: These specialists manage the medical aspects of heart disease alongside other complex health problems. You see them for non-surgical cardiac care and long-term follow-up.

Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine Specialist: This specialist offers full-spectrum care for all ages and handles urgent health issues. They are your go-to for quick assessments and ongoing primary treatment.

General Medicine: General medicine doctors treat a broad range of adult illnesses without surgery. They diagnose, manage chronic diseases and refer to other specialists when needed.

General Physician: A general physician handles everyday health concerns, orders tests and refers to specialists. They are often your first point of contact for medical care.

General Practitioner: A GP provides primary care for people of all ages and common illnesses. You visit them for check-ups, prescriptions and preventive health advice.

Homeopathic Physician: A homoeopathic physician prescribes remedies based on individual symptoms and holistic assessment. They offer an alternative approach to conventional medicine.

Hospice and Palliative Medicine: These specialists focus on relieving pain and improving quality of life during serious illness. They support patients and families through physical and emotional care.

Internal Medicine Specialist: Internal medicine specialists handle complex and multi-system diseases in adults. You see them for complex diagnoses and long-term treatment plans.

Occupational Medicine Specialist: This specialist addresses work-related health issues and conducts fitness-for-duty assessments. They also help prevent and manage workplace illnesses.

Pain Medicine Specialist: A pain medicine specialist treats acute and chronic pain with drugs, injections and therapy plans. They help you manage pain to improve your daily functioning.

Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: These doctors help restore movement and function after illness or injury. They use targeted therapy, exercises and assistive devices for recovery.

Tropical Medicine Specialist: A tropical medicine specialist treats diseases common in warm climates, such as malaria, dengue and parasitic infections. They also advise on prevention.

Unani General Practitioner: A Unani GP uses the Unani system’s herbal and regimen-based treatments. They provide care for those seeking traditional, complementary options.

Vascular Medicine Specialist: Vascular medicine specialists treat diseases of arteries and veins outside the heart and brain. They manage circulation problems and coordinate procedures if needed.

Neurology & Neurosciences

Clinical Neurophysiologist: A clinical neurophysiologist performs tests like EEG and EMG to study nerve and muscle function. They provide precise measurements that help confirm or rule out neurological conditions.

Interventional Neuroradiologist: An interventional neuroradiologist treats brain and spine blood vessel disorders using image-guided techniques. They perform minimally invasive procedures such as coiling and thrombectomy.

Neuro-Medicine Specialist: A neuro-medicine specialist manages neurological disorders without surgery. They use medication and rehabilitation plans for conditions like seizures, neuropathies, and movement disorders.

Neurologist: A neurologist diagnoses and treats diseases of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. They manage conditions such as stroke, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis.

Neuropsychiatrist: A neuropsychiatrist treats psychiatric disorders linked to brain or nerve problems. They combine neurological expertise with mental health care.

Neuroradiologist: A neuroradiologist interprets MRI and CT scans focused on the brain and spine. Their reports guide diagnosis and surgical or medical planning.

Oncology & Haematology

Medical Oncologist: A medical oncologist treats cancer using chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. They coordinate overall cancer care and long-term follow-up.

Radio Oncologist: A radio oncologist plans and delivers radiation treatment for cancer. They aim to control tumours or relieve symptoms through precise radiotherapy.

Ophthalmology

Ophthalmologist: An ophthalmologist diagnoses and treats eye diseases with medication or surgery. They perform specialist procedures like cataract and glaucoma operations.

Optometrist: An optometrist examines vision and eye health. They prescribe glasses, contact lenses, and refer patients for further treatment when needed.

Gynaecology & Obstetrics

Gynaecologist: A gynaecologist treats conditions affecting the female reproductive system. They manage menstrual disorders, infections, and perform non-pregnancy surgeries.

Obstetrician: An obstetrician cares for women during pregnancy, childbirth, and recovery. They monitor both mother and baby to ensure safe delivery and postpartum health.

Paediatric Specialists

Paediatric Allergologist: A paediatric allergologist diagnoses and treats allergies and asthma in children. They guide avoidance strategies and may recommend immunotherapy.

Paediatric Cardiologist: A paediatric cardiologist treats heart conditions in infants and children. They perform heart scans and manage ongoing cardiac care.

Paediatric Endocrinologist: A paediatric endocrinologist manages growth, puberty, and hormone disorders in children. They treat conditions such as diabetes and monitor development.

Paediatric Gastroenterologist / Hepatologist: These specialists treat digestive and liver diseases in children. They perform endoscopies and manage chronic gastrointestinal problems.

Paediatric Haematologist and Oncologist: This specialist treats childhood blood disorders and cancers. They coordinate chemotherapy and supportive care for young patients.

Paediatric Infectious Disease Specialist: A paediatric infectious disease specialist manages severe or rare infections in children. They also advise on vaccination and prevention.

Paediatric Nephrologist: A paediatric nephrologist treats kidney diseases in children. They manage dialysis and transplant options when required.

Paediatric Respiratory Medicine Specialist: This specialist manages lung conditions in children, including severe asthma and cystic fibrosis. They conduct breathing tests and plan inhalation therapies.

Paediatric Rheumatologist: A paediatric rheumatologist treats autoimmune and inflammatory joint disorders in children. They use medication and rehabilitation to manage symptoms.

Paediatrician: A paediatrician provides general medical care for children from birth to adolescence. They handle check-ups, vaccinations, and common illnesses.

Pulmonology

Interventional Pulmonologist: An interventional pulmonologist uses bronchoscopic and other minimally invasive techniques to diagnose and treat airway or pleural disease. They provide specialised lung procedures when needed.

Pulmonologist: A pulmonologist diagnoses and manages respiratory conditions such as asthma, COPD, and lung infections. They perform lung function tests and offer long-term care plans.

Respiratory Medicine: Respiratory medicine covers the care of breathing disorders. It often involves pulmonologists working with allied health teams for complete lung health support.

Radiology & Imaging

Interventional Radiologist: Interventional radiologists use imaging guidance to perform minimally invasive procedures such as biopsies and embolisations. You benefit from smaller incisions and faster recovery.

Radio Diagnosis Specialist: A radio diagnosis specialist interprets diagnostic imaging, including CT and MRI, to identify disease. You will receive detailed reports guiding treatment.

Radiologist: Radiologists oversee imaging interpretation and advise clinicians on appropriate scans and follow-up imaging. You will depend on their reports for diagnostic decisions.

Radiotherapist: A radiotherapist specialises in planning and delivering therapeutic radiation for cancer and selected benign conditions. You will consult them when radiotherapy is part of your care.

Rehabilitation & Critical Care

Critical Care Specialist: A critical care specialist (intensivist) treats life-threatening conditions in intensive care units, managing ventilation, monitoring, and complex interventions. They lead the ICU team in emergencies.

Rehabilitation Medicine Specialist: A rehabilitation medicine specialist develops recovery programmes after injury, stroke, or serious illness. They help restore independence and physical capability.

Physiotherapist: A physiotherapist provides movement-based therapies, exercise plans, and manual techniques to improve mobility and reduce pain. They work with you to achieve functional recovery.

Anaesthesiology

Anaesthesiologist: An anaesthesiologist administers anaesthesia, monitors vital signs during surgery, and manages post-operative pain. They prepare and assess you before operations.

Cardiac Anaesthesiologist: A cardiac anaesthesiologist specialises in anaesthesia for heart surgery, overseeing advanced monitoring and complex recovery needs. They guide you through the pre-operative process.

Surgical Specialists

Bariatric Surgeon: Performs weight-loss surgeries such as gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy to treat severe obesity. You will be assessed for eligibility and supported through follow-up care.

Bone Marrow Surgeon: Carries out procedures for marrow access and donor harvesting in preparation for bone marrow transplantation. You will meet them during transplant planning and surgery.

Breast Surgeon: Operates on benign and malignant breast conditions, including biopsies and tumour removal. You will be referred for a lump assessment and surgical treatment.

Cardiac Surgeon: Performs open-heart operations such as bypasses and valve repairs. You will consult them for the surgical correction of significant heart disease.

Cardiothoracic Surgeon / Cardiothoracic and Intervascular Surgeon: Operates on the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels, often handling complex chest cases. You will see them for combined cardiac, thoracic, and vascular surgery.

Dental Surgeon: Performs oral surgeries including extractions, implants, and jaw corrections. You will consult them for surgical dental care.

Dermatologist and Cosmetologist Surgeon: Performs skin surgeries and cosmetic procedures for medical or aesthetic concerns. You will be offered both therapeutic and cosmetic surgical options.

E.N.T. Specialist / E.N.T. Surgeon: Treats ear, nose, and throat conditions surgically, such as sinus and tonsil operations. You will be referred for ENT-related procedures.

Endoscopic Surgeon: Uses camera-assisted techniques to perform minimally invasive internal surgeries. You will benefit from reduced incision size and faster recovery.

Eye Surgeon / Ophthalmic Surgeon: Performs cataract, glaucoma, and retinal operations to restore or preserve vision. You will receive specialised surgical eye care.

Gastroenterologist and Hepatologist / Gastro Surgeon: Operates on stomach, intestinal, and liver conditions requiring surgery. You will meet them for the operative management of digestive diseases.

General Surgeon: Handles a wide range of abdominal and soft-tissue surgeries, both emergency and planned. You will be referred for diverse surgical needs.

Glaucoma Surgeon: Performs operations to reduce eye pressure and preserve sight in glaucoma patients. You will be counselled on treatment options and expected outcomes.

Head and Neck Surgeon: Treats tumours and complex conditions of the head and neck, often with reconstructive surgery. You will receive both functional and cancer-related surgical care.

Kidney Surgeon: Performs kidney removal and other renal surgeries, often with transplant teams. You will be evaluated for surgical options and recovery planning.

Laparoscopic Surgeon: Uses keyhole techniques for abdominal surgeries, allowing for smaller scars and quicker healing. You will benefit from minimally invasive approaches where appropriate.

Maxillofacial and Microvascular Surgeon: Repairs facial trauma, performs jaw reconstruction, and manages complex tissue transfers. You will receive specialised reconstructive surgical care.

Nephro Surgeon: Specialises in kidney surgery for stones, tumours, and other renal issues. You will be guided through the procedure and postoperative care.

Neuro Surgeon: Performs brain and spinal surgeries for tumours, injuries, and degenerative conditions. You will be prepared for high-precision neurosurgical management.

Onco Surgeon: Removes tumours and performs cancer-related operations as part of oncology care. You will undergo surgical staging and tumour removal where needed.

Orthopaedic Surgeon: Treats bone, joint, and muscle injuries with surgical repair or replacement. You will see them for restoring movement and function.

Paediatric Surgeon: Performs operations for infants and children, tailored to their growth and development. You will receive child-specific surgical planning and care.

Urologist / Urosurgeon: Surgically treats urinary tract and male reproductive system disorders, including stones and prostate disease. You will be assessed for the most suitable surgical approach.

Vascular Surgeon: Repairs blood vessels and treats aneurysms or circulation problems surgically or via endovascular methods. You will be offered the most suitable vessel repair technique.

Vitreo-Retinal Surgeon: Performs delicate retinal and vitreous surgeries for conditions like detachments and diabetic eye disease. You will be scheduled for precise ocular microsurgery.

Other Specialities

Psychiatrist: A psychiatrist treats severe mental health disorders and manages medication alongside psychotherapy. You will work with them for comprehensive mental healthcare.

Rheumatologist: A rheumatologist treats autoimmune and inflammatory joint and muscle disorders, guiding long-term immunomodulatory therapy. You will receive tailored management for systemic and joint diseases.

Infectious Disease Specialist: These specialists handle complex infections, resistant pathogens and outbreak control. You may be referred for hard-to-treat or unusual infections.

Sports Medicine Specialist: A sports medicine doctor treats sports injuries and designs rehabilitation for active individuals. You will receive injury prevention strategies and safe return-to-play plans.

Allergologist / Immunotherapist: An allergologist diagnoses allergies and may offer immunotherapy to reduce sensitivity. You will undergo testing and receive targeted treatment.

Clinical Biochemist: Clinical biochemists analyse lab tests and advise on biochemical markers for diagnosis and monitoring. Their input shapes many treatment decisions.

Geriatrician: A geriatric specialist manages the complex care needs of older adults, addressing frailty and chronic illness. You will receive support to maintain function and independence.

Haematologist: A haematologist diagnoses and treats blood disorders such as anaemia, clotting problems and blood cancers. You may be managed medically or with transfusions.

IHBT Specialist: Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion specialists oversee blood bank services and transfusion safety. You will depend on them for compatible and safe blood therapy.

Microbiologist: A microbiologist diagnoses infections through laboratory testing and guides antimicrobial therapy. They support clinicians in pathogen identification and control.

Leprologist: A leprologist diagnoses and treats leprosy, managing complications and disability care. You will receive long-term follow-up and rehabilitation.

Pathologist / Histopathologist: Pathologists examine tissues and cells to confirm disease, including cancer. You will receive detailed histopathology reports after biopsies.

Clinical Pharmacologist: Clinical pharmacologists advise on safe and effective drug use, especially in complex cases or research. They help optimise medication regimens.

Sonologist: A sonologist performs and interprets ultrasound scans for pregnancy, abdominal and musculoskeletal issues. You will see them for imaging-based diagnosis.

Endodontist: An endodontist treats root canal disease and pulp problems using specialised techniques. You will be referred for advanced dental care.

Orthodontist: An orthodontist corrects misaligned teeth and jaws with braces or appliances. You will be treated for both functional and aesthetic improvements.

Paedodontist: A paedodontist offers dental care for children, addressing cavities, developmental and behavioural needs. You will bring children for age-appropriate oral care.

Periodontist / Implantologist: Periodontists treat gum disease and perform dental implants. You will receive surgical and maintenance care for healthy gums and tooth replacement.

Prosthodontist: A prosthodontist restores missing teeth and oral function with crowns, bridges or dentures. You will be fitted for functional and aesthetic rehabilitation.

Cosmetic Surgeon: A cosmetic surgeon performs procedures to alter or enhance appearance. You will be counselled on options and expected outcomes.

Plastic / Reconstructive Surgeon: These surgeons repair defects from trauma, cancer or birth conditions, restoring both appearance and function. You will be offered tailored reconstructive solutions.

Conclusion:

Consulting the right specialist significantly improves the accuracy and timeliness of diagnosis and treatment. Use this Doctors’ Specialisation Glossary to identify which clinician you should approach for particular symptoms, tests or procedures. If you are unsure, your general practitioner or family medicine doctor can guide referrals and next steps.