Uterine Fibroids Treatment

How are Uterine Fibroids Diagnosed?

A gynaecologist diagnoses fibroids by analysing your symptoms and medical history. Bleeding, pelvic pain, and pelvic pressure are typical symptoms. A pelvic exam conducted by the specialist may show signs of an abnormally shaped or enlarged uterus. 

A transvaginal ultrasound scan is the first-line imaging test for diagnosing fibroids. An MRI might be recommended if the ultrasound is inconclusive, if there are numerous fibroids, or if a specific procedure or surgery is being considered. A blood test will determine any possible anaemia caused by excessive menstrual bleeding.

How are Uterine Fibroids Treated Based on Severity?

Treatment of uterine fibroids depends on the symptoms and their severity. The table below summarises the treatment approach based on how severe uterine fibroids are:

Types of Uterine Fibroids and Their Treatment

Uterine fibroids are grouped by where they grow. The treatment is adjusted for each type, as listed below:

Non-Surgical Treatments for Uterine Fibroids

Non-surgical treatment relieves the symptoms and helps reduce fibroids. It is recommended for patients who do not want to undergo surgery. These include:

Other Treatments for Uterine Fibroids

Some women need procedures or surgery when medicines are not enough. These treatments target the fibroids directly:

Oral Medications for Uterine Fibroids Treatment

Oral medicines for uterine fibroids mainly relieve symptoms like bleeding and pain. They are used as prescribed and usually include:

• NSAIDs: These can provide relief from pain caused by fibroids.

• Tranexamic Acid: It reduces menstrual bleeding during periods.

• Progestin Pills: They help reduce heavy periods.

• Iron Supplements: They help manage anaemia caused by blood loss.

• Paracetamol: It helps to reduce mild pelvic pain.

Ayurvedic and Alternative Treatments for Uterine Fibroids

Some women suffering from uterine fibroids may explore traditional or alternative options for supportive care, which can include:

• Ashoka (Saraca Asoca): Traditionally used for menstrual conditions.

• Lodhra: Believed to promote healthy female reproductive function.

• Kanchanar Guggulu: It is a herbal combination used for managing overall reproductive and thyroid health.

• Shatavari: The herb is used to regulate female hormones.

• Yoga and Meditation: These exercises and movements may help in managing stress and discomfort.

Note: These therapies are to be used solely as supportive care under the supervision of a qualified practitioner and are not to replace evidence-based medical treatment.

Home Care for Managing Uterine Fibroids

Simple self-care techniques will help reduce the symptoms while undergoing treatment. They also assist in maintaining optimal health.

• Apply Heat: Applying heat to your pelvic area reduces cramps and pain.

• Monitor Menstrual Flow: This will help you provide information regarding your menstrual flow.

• Take Iron-Rich Food: Eating iron-rich foods can help prevent anaemia that may result from excessive menstrual flow.

• Maintain Healthy Body Weight: Maintaining a healthy body weight may help reduce the risk of fibroid formation.

• Rest During Heavy Days: Adequate rest helps during heavy periods.

• Attend Follow-Ups: Keep up with all reviews and scan appointments.

Latest Treatment for Uterine Fibroids

The most recent advancement in treatment for uterine fibroids is the use of the oral GnRH antagonist combination therapy. According to a study, oral GnRH antagonist therapies like relugolix, elagolix, and linzagolix can reduce heavy menstrual bleeding associated with fibroids in some women. These medications provide a non-surgical option to women, although surgery may still be needed depending on the severity of symptoms and fertility goals. GnRH antagonist therapies are available in India.

How Long Does Uterine Fibroids Treatment Take?

Treatment duration for uterine fibroids depends on the method used. The table shows approximate timelines for each treatment approach:

Uterine Fibroids Treatment Side Effects

Most fibroid treatments are safe. However, some may cause side effects that need monitoring:

• GnRH Treatment: This treatment could lead to hot flushes and a temporary reduction in bone mineral density.

• Medications Using Hormones: Such treatments could bring about emotional or weight changes.

• Tranexamic Acid: Use with caution, as it may increase the risk of blood clots in some women.

• Uterine Artery Embolisation: The procedure could lead to cramping pains.

• Myomectomy: The procedure involves risks of bleeding and scar formation.

• Hysterectomy: The procedure stops your fertility and requires time for recovery.

Lifestyle Changes for Managing Uterine Fibroids

Healthy habits may help control fibroid symptoms and support overall health. These include:

• Maintain a healthy body weight.

• Eat a balanced diet comprising of fresh fruits and vegetables and whole grains.

• Limit red meat consumption.

• Cut down on alcohol.

• Stay active and exercise regularly.

• Correct vitamin D deficiency (if present), as advised by your doctor.

Triggers That Can Worsen Symptoms of Uterine Fibroids

Some factors are linked to fibroid growth or worse symptoms:

• Being overweight increases estrogen levels and fibroid risks.

• Increased lifetime exposure to estrogen is linked to the growth of fibroids.

• Some studies link higher red meat consumption with an increased risk of fibroid development.

• Regularly consuming alcohol has been associated with an increased risk of fibroids.

• Some research has linked fibroids with vitamin D deficiency.

• Uterine fibroids may also develop due to genetic or hereditary factors.

• Untreated heavy bleeding can lead to anaemia.

Uterine Fibroids Treatment Cost

The cost of treatment for uterine fibroids in India depends on the type of treatment prescribed by a gynaecologist. Medical management with tablets generally costs less than surgical treatment options. A myomectomy can cost about ₹50,000 to ₹1,00,000. Overall, uterine fibroid surgery ranges from ₹55,000 to ₹3,50,000, with a hysterectomy at the higher end. Uterine fibroid embolisation is a minimally invasive option, but its associated treatment costs are higher in private hospitals in large cities.

Does Health Insurance Cover Uterine Fibroids Treatment in India?

In India, many health insurance plans cover the treatment of uterine fibroids when medically necessary, especially if hospitalisation and procedures or surgery like myomectomy, hysterectomy or uterine artery embolisation are required. The extent of coverage depends on your insurer, policy benefits, waiting periods, and exclusions. Patients should review their policy documents or consult their insurance provider to determine the benefits and coverage for fibroid treatment.