Hypertension Treatment

How is Hypertension Diagnosed?

To diagnose hypertension, a healthcare professional will usually review your medical history, ask about your symptoms and check your blood pressure using a properly fitted cuff. Blood pressure is recorded in millimetres of mercury (mm Hg) and includes two numbers: the systolic pressure, which is the pressure when the heart beats, and the diastolic pressure, which is the pressure between heartbeats. High blood pressure is diagnosed when readings are 130/80 mm Hg or higher, usually based on the average of two or more readings taken on separate occasions.

Depending on the situation, additional tests may include ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, blood and urine tests. Your doctor may also recommend checking your blood pressure regularly at home to monitor your condition and see how well your treatment is working.

Types of Hypertension and Their Treatment

Doctors usually separate hypertension into two types, such as:

How is Hypertension Treated Based on Stages?

Various stages of hypertension and their treatment types include:

Oral Medications for Hypertension Treatment

Commonly prescribed medicines for lowering and controlling hypertension include:

• ACE Inhibitors: Medicines such as enalapril, ramipril and lisinopril help relax blood vessels by affecting a system involved in blood pressure regulation. They may be particularly useful for people who also have certain kidney or heart conditions. However, ACE inhibitors are generally avoided during pregnancy.

• Angiotensin Receptor Blockers: Medicines such as losartan and telmisartan block the action of a hormone that causes blood vessels to tighten. They are often considered when an ACE inhibitor is not well tolerated.

• Diuretics: Diuretics help the kidneys remove excess sodium and water from the body. By reducing the amount of fluid circulating through the blood vessels, they can help bring blood pressure down.

• Beta Blockers: Medicines such as metoprolol slow the heart rate and reduce the force with which the heart pumps. They are generally prescribed when there is another reason for using them, such as certain heart rhythm problems or heart disease.

• Calcium Channel Blockers: Medicines such as amlodipine and diltiazem help relax the blood vessels and, in some cases, slow the heart rate. They may be prescribed alone or along with other blood pressure medicines.

Disclaimer: Always take medicines under the guidance of a qualified doctor. Do not start, stop or change any medication or dosage on your own, as treatment may need to be adjusted based on your condition and response.

Other Treatments for Hypertension

Doctors might recommend the following non-pharmacological treatment to lower your blood pressure readings: 

Ayurvedic and Alternative Treatments for Hypertension

Various Ayurvedic complementary approaches may be used alongside conventional hypertension treatment to support relaxation and overall well-being. Some of these approaches that may be considered for hypertension include:

• Garlic: Garlic may support healthy blood pressure by helping blood vessels relax and improving circulation. Its natural compounds also provide antioxidant benefits that may support heart health.

• Brahmi: Brahmi is used to promote calmness and reduce mental stress. It may be helpful when stress contributes to temporary increases in blood pressure.

• Arjuna Bark: Arjuna has a long history of use in Ayurvedic heart care. It is valued for supporting heart function and providing antioxidant benefits.

• Ginger and Cardamom Tea: A warm tea made with ginger and cardamom can be a simple addition to a daily routine. Both ingredients are traditionally used to support digestion and circulation.

• Ashwagandha: Ashwagandha is an adaptogenic herb commonly used in Ayurveda for managing stress. Promoting relaxation may support healthy blood pressure in people affected by stress.

• Triphala: Triphala is an Ayurvedic blend made from three fruits. It is mainly used to support digestion and general well-being, which can complement a healthy lifestyle.

Note: Herbal products can sometimes interact with blood pressure medicines or alter blood pressure themselves. Speak with your doctor before using supplements regularly.

Home Care for Managing Hypertension

Keeping blood pressure under control often comes down to following a few sustainable changes at home. Helpful habits for managing hypertension include:

• Keep a home blood pressure monitor available for regular readings.

• Check your blood pressure at the same time each day, as advised.

• Keep a record of your readings to share with your doctor.

• Maintain a regular bedtime and wake-up schedule.

• Create a quiet, comfortable sleeping environment.

Latest Treatment for Hypertension in India

Recent developments in hypertension treatment in India include greater use of combination therapy, particularly fixed-dose combinations that bring two medicines into a single tablet. Newer treatment approaches also include combinations such as telmisartan with cilnidipine, which have gained attention for managing blood pressure in suitable patients, including those with conditions such as kidney or cardiovascular problems. There is also increasing emphasis on personalised treatment, where medicines are selected according to a patient’s other health conditions and response to therapy.

How Long Does Hypertension Treatment Take?

Hypertension usually requires ongoing management rather than a short course of treatment. 

Hypertension Treatment Side Effects

Side effects of hypertension depend on the particular medicine being taken. Commonly reported effects include:

• Dizziness or lightheadedness

• Headache

• Fatigue or weakness

• Nausea or stomach upset

• Constipation

• Swollen ankles or feet

• Sleep problems or insomnia

• Dry, persistent cough

• Cold hands and feet

• Diarrhoea

Lifestyle Changes for Managing Hypertension

Lifestyle changes can complement medicines and may help delay the need for medication. Some useful lifestyle changes for hypertension are:

• Try to use less salt in your meals.

• Add more vegetables and fruits to your daily diet.

• Aim to be active on a regular basis.

• Work towards keeping a healthy weight.

• Try to limit how much alcohol you drink.

• If you smoke, consider quitting.

• Make sure you get enough sleep each night.

• Look for simple ways to manage stress in your life.

• Avoid excessive processed and high-sodium foods.

Triggers That Can Worsen Hypertension

Blood pressure can be influenced by everyday habits, medical conditions and certain medicines. Factors that may contribute to hypertension include:

• High salt intake

• Certain chronic conditions

• Excess body weight

• Lack of physical activity

• Smoking

• Family history of hypertension

• Excessive alcohol consumption

• Long-term stress

• Poor sleep

• Kidney disease

Hypertension Treatment Cost

In India, the cost of treating hypertension can range from ₹600 to ₹18,000, depending on the type of care, diagnostic tests and treatment required. The initial expense may include a general physician consultation, which usually costs ₹600 to ₹1,200. If a specialist is needed, consultation with a cardiologist or nephrologist may cost around ₹800 to ₹1,800.

Diagnostic tests can also add to the overall expense. Blood tests, kidney function tests and thyroid profiles may cost between ₹900 and ₹2,500, while an ECG with blood pressure evaluation can cost around ₹500 to ₹1,500. If further assessment is required, a 2D echocardiography may cost ₹1,500 to ₹3,500, and 24-hour blood pressure monitoring may range from ₹1,800 to ₹4,500.

For ongoing treatment, blood pressure medicines may cost around ₹200 to ₹1,000 per month, depending on the medicine and dosage. If hypertension becomes severe or difficult to control and requires hospitalisation, the cost may increase to approximately ₹8,000 to ₹18,000. Overall, the final expense depends on the severity of hypertension, tests and specialists required, the hospital chosen, and whether insurance or cashless facilities are available.

Does Health Insurance Cover Hypertension Treatment in India?

Yes, health insurance policies in India may cover medical expenses related to hypertension, subject to the terms and conditions of the policy. Coverage can include eligible inpatient hospitalisation costs, along with doctor consultations, prescribed medicines and diagnostic tests required for managing high blood pressure.

In case you were diagnosed with hypertension before acquiring the insurance plan, it falls under the category of a pre-existing condition and may be covered following a waiting period. Some health policies may also cover pre-existing hypertension from Day 1, depending on specific terms.

For hypertension treatment, a minimum sum insured of ₹10 - ₹15 lakh can provide a reasonable level of financial protection against hospitalisation, diagnostic tests, medicines and other eligible medical expenses. However, it is important to check the coverage limits, waiting periods, exclusions and claim conditions before purchasing a plan.