A fire alarm system is a group of devices integral to the fire safety program of a building and its inhabitants. These devices work in sync to detect and warn people about an event of fire A fire alarm detection system comprises a network of devices. These include sensors, smoke detectors, control panels, and buzzers. Together, these units help create a quick response to a fire emergency.
A fire alarm system comprises different components. These components work together to detect a fire and inform people of the possible threat. Let's take a look at the main parts of a fire detection system:
Control Panel
It is the brain of a fire detection unit that monitors and controls all the components of the system. It processes the signals provided by the detectors and manual call points (MCP) or break-glass call points to activate an alarm. The control panel also provides technicians with access to perform system testing and fault diagnosis.
Detectors
Smoke Detectors: These detectors use ionisation or photoelectric technology to sense the presence of smoke in the air. These are designed to protect property and people by triggering an alarm early on.
Heat Detectors: These detectors react to temperature changes in the environment to warn people about the fire. Heat detectors are good for places where smoke sensors may lead to false alarms, such as kitchens.Â
Alarm Notification Devices
These devices generate audible, visual, or both cues to tell the presence of a fire. Some of the widely used notification units include the following:
Hornsor Sirens: These produce loud sounds to alert occupants.
Strobe Lights: These emit flashing lights along with audio-based alarms.
Voice Evacuation Systems: These send out loud and clear verbal instructions to guide people to safety.
Manual Call Points
These devices are usually installed in areas that are easily accessible to people, such as hallways, lobbies, lifts, etc. It allows people to activate the alarm manually by pressing a button or breaking a glass. MCPs are generally used when the automatic system has not yet been initiated.
Power Supply
The fire alarm needs an uninterrupted power supply to work. Power supply for fire detection alarms includes the main source as well as backup (generators or batteries) power.Â
Types of Fire Alarm Systems
Refer to the below table for the types of fire alarm systems available in the market:
Type of Fire Alarm System
Overview
How it Works
Pros
Cons
Conventional Fire Alarm System
Basic fire detection system
In this system, a building is divided into zones. Each zone has detectors installed. So, when a fire breaks out, the detector of the affected area is triggered.Â
It is simple and cost-effective and a good choice for smaller buildings.
It identifies only the affected area, not the exact location of the fire.
Addressable Fire Alarm System
It is an advanced system. It provides precise information about the location of the fire.
Each component of the fire detection system has a unique address. It helps the unit to point out the correct location of fire to ensure quick response.Â
It offers accurate detection, better diagnostics and reduces the odds of false alarms.
It is expensive. Installation is also complex.
Wireless Fire Alarm System
As it is a wireless device, it does not require wired connections between the various components of the fire alarm.Â
It uses radio signals to signal the sensors, control panels, and other components.
It is easy to install and a good option for retrofitting. It offers flexibility for complex layouts.
It is costlier than other options and may have signal interference issues.
Hybrid Fire Alarm System
It is a combination of both conventional and addressable fire alarm systems.
It offers more flexibility, as some parts are wired in a traditional way while others are addressable. It can also be customised according to the building requirements.
It is flexible and cost-effective.
Installation and maintenance are likely to be complicated.
The fire alarm system working principle relies on detecting smoke or heat with the help of detectors. Once the detectors sense a possible fire, the system takes a call and activates the alarm.
The entire process is managed by a control panel. The panel reads the sensor data and takes action on whether to trigger an alarm. The below table talks about the working of a fire alarm system:
Steps
Description
1. Detection of Smoke, Heat, or Flames
The system comprises various types of sensors, including smoke detectors, heat detectors, and flame detectors. These detectors identify indications of fire and activate the alarm system.
2. Transmission of Signal to Control Panel
Once a detector senses smoke, heat, or fire, it transmits a signal to the control panel. This panel then processes the signal and chooses the fitting response.
3. Activation of Alarms and Emergency Response Systems
The control panel triggers alarms in the form of siren hooters, flashing lights, and verbal announcements to alert the people. It may also initiate emergency actions like shutting down air circulation systems, activating fire fighting systems, such as sprinklers and extinguishers, and opening emergency exits.
4. Automatic Notification to the Fire Department (if needed)
In some refined fire alarm systems, the control panel is directly connected to a monitoring station or the fire department. It ensures a prompt emergency response even if no one manually calls for help.
Benefits of Installing a Fire Alarm System
There are several benefits of installing fire alarm systems in homes, business organisations, schools, hospitals, and other public places:
Early Detection and Quick Response to Fires
A reliable fire alarm system in India detects smoke, heat, flames, and even drastic changes in temperature at an early stage. It makes way for a quick response before a small fire turns into a disastrous blaze.
Reduces Property Damage and Potential Loss of Life
Fire alarms alert the occupants in a given facility promptly. This quick reaction leads to making immediate moves, including extinguishing small fires or evacuating safely (if needed). It reduces the chances of property damage, injuries, or casualties.
Helps in Efficient Evacuation and Emergency Handling
When a fire alarm is triggered, it provides a clear warning for people to evacuate. Some advanced systems are linked to emergency response services that ensure faster reaction from firefighters and medical teams.
Lower Insurance Premiums with Proper Fire Protection Measures
Reputed fire insurance providers are likely to offer discounts on premiums to facilities where fire safety systems are installed. The reason is that the presence of a fire detection alarm reduces the chances of severe losses, making the property less perilous to cover.
Where Fire Alarms Should Be Placed?
Placement of fire alarm systems is as important as choosing the right system. Let's take a quick look at the places where fire alarms should be installed:
Hotels
Inside every guest room: Near the bed area.
Hallways and corridors: Outside guest rooms on each floor.
Stairwells and emergency exits: To ensure safe evacuation.
Kitchen and restaurants: At least 10 feet away from cooking areas.
Laundry rooms and maintenance areas: High risk of fire due to appliances.
Lobbies and common areas: To alert guests and staff quickly.
Schools & Colleges
Classrooms and lecture halls: To alert students and faculty.
Library and laboratories: Especially where chemicals or electrical equipment are used.
Cafeteria and kitchen areas: Fire hazards due to cooking.
Hallways and corridors: To detect fire spreading.
Gymnasiums and auditoriums: Large gathering areas need protection.
Storage and utility rooms: Where flammable materials might be stored.
Offices
Inside workspaces and cabins: Protects employees during working hours.
Meeting rooms and conference halls: High occupancy areas.
Server rooms and electrical panels: Prevents electrical fire hazards.
Break rooms and kitchens: Common fire-prone areas.
Hallways and stairwells: Ensures safe evacuation.
Parking areas: Especially in underground or enclosed spaces.
Near storage areas: Protects against flammable goods catching fire.
Production and assembly lines: Where machinery is used.
Loading and unloading zones: High-risk areas for fire due to logistics activity.
Electrical and generator rooms: Common spots for short circuits.
Break rooms and employee areas: Ensures safety in non-work zones.
Main entrance and exit points: Quick alert for emergency response.
Malls & Shopping Centers
Inside every store and near kiosk: Protects individual shop owners.
Food courts and restaurants: Kitchen areas are high-risk zones.
Entertainment areas (cinemas, game zones, etc.): Large crowd spaces.
Parking garages: Especially underground or multi-level areas.
Escalators and elevators: Early detection is needed to prevent fire from spreading.
Restrooms and service areas: Often overlooked but essential.
Where Fire Alarms Should Not be Placed?
For the best performance and to avoid false alarms, you should avoid installing fire detection systems in the following places:
Kitchens (Place alarms at least 10 feet away from stoves and ovens)
Near cooking appliances
Attics
Dusty places
Near doors or windows
Garages
Bathrooms
Areas with extreme temperatures
Best Practices for Maintaining a Fire Alarm System
Here are some best practices for maintaining a fire alarm system:
Regular Testing and Maintenance of Alarm Components
Test alarms and detectors on a regular basis to ensure proper functionality.
Check the batteries and replace them as and when needed.
Check wiring and connections for any signs of damage or wear.
Immediate Replacement of Faulty Components
If the alarms or detectors are not working, replace them as soon as issues are detected.
Keep spare batteries and detectors handy.
Employee and Resident Training on Fire Safety Protocols
Conduct regular fire safety drills to ensure everyone knows evacuation procedures.
Stick clear instructions near alarm panels for easy access during emergencies.
Conclusion
A reliable fire alarm system is not just an option. It is a necessity for protecting lives and property. Early detection and quick response can make all the difference in preventing a small fire from turning into a devastating disaster.Â
However, fire safety is not only about installing high-end alarms. It is a combination of taking enough safety features and having a dedicated fire insurance plan for complete protection against the unforeseen.Â
By taking proactive measures, such as installing high-quality fire alarms, maintaining them regularly, and buying a good fire insurance policy, you can create a safer environment around you.
Disclaimer: Above mentioned insurers are arranged in alphabetical order. Policybazaar.com does not endorse, rate, or recommend any particular insurer or insurance product offered by an insurer.
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*Premium varies on the basis of Occupancy, Business Activity & Coverage Type
. The premium of Rs 3400/year (Rs 283.33 / month) is for a pucca building with sum insured of Rs 50 lakh at selected locations, for property age less than 25 years and policy term of 1 year, rounded off to nearest 10. Additional premium is payable for the optional covers including contents opted. STANDARD TERMS AND CONDITIONS APPLY. For more details on risk factors, terms and conditions, please read the sales brochure carefully before concluding a sale. By clicking on "View Plans" you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms Of Use and also provide us a formal mandate to represent you to the insurer and communicate to you the grant of a cover. The details of insurance coverage, inclusions and exclusions are subject to change as per solutions offered by insurance providers. The content has been curated based on the general practices in the industry. Policybazaar is not responsible for the factual correctness of these details.
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