A fire alarm system is a group of devices integral to the fire safety program of a building and its inhabitants. These devices work in sync to detect and warn people about an event of fire A fire alarm detection system comprises a network of devices. These include sensors, smoke detectors, control panels, and buzzers. Together, these units help create a quick response to a fire emergency.
A fire alarm system comprises different components. These components work together to detect a fire and inform people of the possible threat. Let's take a look at the main parts of a fire detection system:
It is the brain of a fire detection unit that monitors and controls all the components of the system. It processes the signals provided by the detectors and manual call points (MCP) or break-glass call points to activate an alarm. The control panel also provides technicians with access to perform system testing and fault diagnosis.
These devices generate audible, visual, or both cues to tell the presence of a fire. Some of the widely used notification units include the following:
These devices are usually installed in areas that are easily accessible to people, such as hallways, lobbies, lifts, etc. It allows people to activate the alarm manually by pressing a button or breaking a glass. MCPs are generally used when the automatic system has not yet been initiated.
The fire alarm needs an uninterrupted power supply to work. Power supply for fire detection alarms includes the main source as well as backup (generators or batteries) power.
Refer to the below table for the types of fire alarm systems available in the market:
| Type of Fire Alarm System | Overview | How it Works | Pros | Cons |
| Conventional Fire Alarm System | Basic fire detection system | In this system, a building is divided into zones. Each zone has detectors installed. So, when a fire breaks out, the detector of the affected area is triggered. | It is simple and cost-effective and a good choice for smaller buildings. | It identifies only the affected area, not the exact location of the fire. |
| Addressable Fire Alarm System | It is an advanced system. It provides precise information about the location of the fire. | Each component of the fire detection system has a unique address. It helps the unit to point out the correct location of fire to ensure quick response. | It offers accurate detection, better diagnostics and reduces the odds of false alarms. | It is expensive. Installation is also complex. |
| Wireless Fire Alarm System | As it is a wireless device, it does not require wired connections between the various components of the fire alarm. | It uses radio signals to signal the sensors, control panels, and other components. | It is easy to install and a good option for retrofitting. It offers flexibility for complex layouts. | It is costlier than other options and may have signal interference issues. |
| Hybrid Fire Alarm System | It is a combination of both conventional and addressable fire alarm systems. | It offers more flexibility, as some parts are wired in a traditional way while others are addressable. It can also be customised according to the building requirements. | It is flexible and cost-effective. | Installation and maintenance are likely to be complicated. |
The fire alarm system working principle relies on detecting smoke or heat with the help of detectors. Once the detectors sense a possible fire, the system takes a call and activates the alarm.
The entire process is managed by a control panel. The panel reads the sensor data and takes action on whether to trigger an alarm. The below table talks about the working of a fire alarm system:
| Steps | Description |
| 1. Detection of Smoke, Heat, or Flames | The system comprises various types of sensors, including smoke detectors, heat detectors, and flame detectors. These detectors identify indications of fire and activate the alarm system. |
| 2. Transmission of Signal to Control Panel | Once a detector senses smoke, heat, or fire, it transmits a signal to the control panel. This panel then processes the signal and chooses the fitting response. |
| 3. Activation of Alarms and Emergency Response Systems | The control panel triggers alarms in the form of siren hooters, flashing lights, and verbal announcements to alert the people. It may also initiate emergency actions like shutting down air circulation systems, activating fire fighting systems, such as sprinklers and extinguishers, and opening emergency exits. |
| 4. Automatic Notification to the Fire Department (if needed) | In some refined fire alarm systems, the control panel is directly connected to a monitoring station or the fire department. It ensures a prompt emergency response even if no one manually calls for help. |
There are several benefits of installing fire alarm systems in homes, business organisations, schools, hospitals, and other public places:
A reliable fire alarm system in India detects smoke, heat, flames, and even drastic changes in temperature at an early stage. It makes way for a quick response before a small fire turns into a disastrous blaze.
Fire alarms alert the occupants in a given facility promptly. This quick reaction leads to making immediate moves, including extinguishing small fires or evacuating safely (if needed). It reduces the chances of property damage, injuries, or casualties.
When a fire alarm is triggered, it provides a clear warning for people to evacuate. Some advanced systems are linked to emergency response services that ensure faster reaction from firefighters and medical teams.
Reputed fire insurance providers are likely to offer discounts on premiums to facilities where fire safety systems are installed. The reason is that the presence of a fire detection alarm reduces the chances of severe losses, making the property less perilous to cover.
Placement of fire alarm systems is as important as choosing the right system. Let's take a quick look at the places where fire alarms should be installed:
For the best performance and to avoid false alarms, you should avoid installing fire detection systems in the following places:
Here are some best practices for maintaining a fire alarm system:
Conclusion
A reliable fire alarm system is not just an option. It is a necessity for protecting lives and property. Early detection and quick response can make all the difference in preventing a small fire from turning into a devastating disaster.
However, fire safety is not only about installing high-end alarms. It is a combination of taking enough safety features and having a dedicated fire insurance plan for complete protection against the unforeseen.
By taking proactive measures, such as installing high-quality fire alarms, maintaining them regularly, and buying a good fire insurance policy, you can create a safer environment around you.
Insurance
Calculators
Payment Methods
Secured With
Follow us on
Expert advice made easy
