Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan

What is the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan?

Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan is an education initiative started by the Government of India in 2001 to make sure every child between 6 and 14 years gets free and compulsory schooling.

The programme focuses on bringing all children to school, reducing dropouts, and ensuring quality learning for every student. SSA also emphasises building schools, training teachers, providing mid-day meals, and giving special support to children from disadvantaged backgrounds.

In 2018, Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan was merged into the broader Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan, covering education from pre-school to Class 12.

What is the Aim of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan?

1. Universal Elementary Education

   Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan’s primary objective is to ensure that every child in the age group of 6-14 years receives free and compulsory education. This involves:

   • Opening new schools in unserved habitations

   • Strengthening existing school infrastructure with additional classrooms, toilets, and drinking water facilities

   • Guaranteeing access and retention of all children, especially girls and marginalized groups.

2. Bridging Gaps and Promoting Inclusion

   The program works to eliminate disparities across gender and social categories, including special provisions for children from Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, minorities, and children with special needs. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan also takes steps to address the learning requirements of traditionally excluded groups and promote social inclusion at the grassroots level.

3. Quality Education Enhancement

   Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan strives to enhance the quality of elementary education by:

   • Recruiting and training more teachers

   • Improving teaching-learning materials and academic support structures at cluster and district levels

   • Providing free textbooks and uniforms

   • Introducing life skills education and digital literacy, bridging the digital divide.

Key Features of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan

Below are the features of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan: 

• Fully funded by Central and State Governments with community participation as a core element

• Covers education infrastructure, teacher training, curriculum reforms, and monitoring

• Aligned with the Right to Education (RTE) Act, 2009, which further strengthened its norms and standards.

• Focus on out-of-school children and mainstreaming them into the formal education system

Achievements of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan

• Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan has helped enrol millions of previously out-of-school children and significantly improved infrastructure in elementary schools.

• The program has contributed to narrowing gender and social gaps in primary education and enhanced teacher training and resources at the grassroots.