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What is Citizenship vs PR?

Several Indians move to a foreign country with the hope of building a new life in a foreign country. Whether you have started a new job or are looking for permanent relocation, you will come across terms like 'Permanent Residency (PR)' and 'citizenship'. Many people often confuse them and use them in a similar context. Let us understand how they are different and what they actually mean.

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What is Citizenship?

Citizenship vs PR

Citizenship is the legal and political status of being a recognised citizen of a country. Citizenship comes with political rights, legal responsibilities, and privileges in the country. If you have citizenship in a particular country, you are entitled to live, work, and vote there. As a citizen, you must follow the laws, pay taxes, and perform all national duties.

You can be a citizen of a country either by birth or through a formal legal process. All countries have a set of rules for granting and revoking citizenship. While some countries allow dual or multiple citizenship, others might not.

What is Permanent Residency (PR)?

Permanent Residency (PR) is a legal status that allows you to live and work in a foreign country without being a citizen there indefinitely. It grants you several rights, such as access to healthcare and education. You must follow the laws of the country and also pay taxes. However, with a PR, you cannot vote in a foreign country.

A PR status is offered when you are either not ready or eligible for citizenship, or if you want to keep your citizenship in your home country while enjoying the benefits of living elsewhere.

Citizenship vs PR: Key Differences

The following table highlights the key differences between citizenship and permanent residency (PR):

Parameters	Citizenship	PR
Meaning	Citizenship offers a person with a legal status along with all the duties and obligations of the home country	Permanent Residency (PR) allows you to live and work in a foreign country without losing your citizenship
Rights	It offers all the legal and political rights and full access to the country's resources	It grants the right to live, work, and study in a foreign country indefinitely but does not offer voting rights
Duration / Renewal	It is permanent status and does not require renewal or revocation	It requires a periodic renewal
Travel Restrictions	No restrictions if traveling with all the required documents, passport, and visa (if applicable)	Some restrictions, but allows you to travel with due procedures
Duties	Must have a deep and ongoing commitment to the home country	Offers flexibility and access to social services

How to Get Citizenship After PR?

If you already hold a PR and are looking for citizenship, here are some common things to keep in mind:

Complete a Specific Duration: You must hold a PR and live within the country for a specific duration. Many countries offer citizenship after 5 or 10 years of having a PR.
Language Proficiency: Some countries offer PR or citizenship only after you have cleared and passed the language proficiency test. For example, you must clear the IELTS for a Canada PR.
Complete the Application Process: To apply for citizenship after a PR, you must start the application process after you have lived in the foreign country for the specified time period. Gather all the relevant documents, check the eligibility criteria, fill out the form, complete the interview and tests, and file for citizenship.

FAQs

Q1: What is the difference between PR and citizenship?

Ans: PR or permanent residency allows you to stay or work in a foreign country indefinitely but does not guarantee any political rights. On the other hand, citizenship gives full legal rights to vote, stay, and work in the home country.
Q2: What are the 4 types of citizenship?

Ans: You can get a citizenship by birth, descent, naturalisation, or registration.
Q3: What is the difference between a Permanent Resident and a local citizen?

Ans: A local citizen is someone who can vote, work, and stay in the home country without any major restrictions, whereas a permanent resident can only work or stay in a foreign country without any legal voting rights.
Q4: How many years of PR before citizenship in the USA?

Ans: The USA usually offers citizenship only after you have been a lawful permanent resident of the country for a minimum of 5 years.
Q5: How long is PR valid in the USA?

Ans: The USA PR or Green Card is issued for 10 years and must be renewed before it expires.
Q6: Is a green card the same as citizenship?

Ans: No, the USA green card is the same as permanent residency (PR) and not citizenship. It allows you to live and work in the country, but it does not offer any voting rights or a national passport. You remain a citizen of your home country.
Q7: What is better, permanent resident or citizenship?

Ans: Citizenship is better if you are looking for full legal and political rights, whereas PR is better if you just want to work or stay in a foreign country.
Q8: How long is PR valid?

Ans: The validity of PR or permanent residency varies depending on the country. For example, the PR status of Canada, UK, etc., is generally valid for 5 years.
Q9: Can I get a passport of the foreign country, if I have a PR?

Ans: No, you cannot get a passport from a foreign country as it is only offered to citizens.
Q10: Can I have dual citizenship?

Ans: Yes. Some countries allow you to have dual citizenship, such as the USA, Turkey, France, etc.
Q11: Do permanent resident cards expire?

Ans: Yes, a PR card is issued for a specific duration. For example, PR cards in Canada are valid for 5 years, whereas in the USA, green cards expire after 10 years.
Q12: What are the three key elements of citizenship?

Ans: Citizenship offers rights, responsibilities, and participation in legal and political matters.
Q13: What are the two types of citizenship in India?

Ans: India offers citizenship either by birth or via naturalisation (registration). You must keep in mind that it does not offer dual citizenship.

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Disclaimer: The list of insurers mentioned are arranged according to the alphabetical order of the names of insurers respectively. Policybazaar does not endorse, rate or recommend any particular insurer or insurance product offered by any insurer. The list of plans listed here comprise of insurance products offered by all the insurance partners of Policybazaar. For complete list of insurers in India refer to the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India website www.irdai.gov.in